来源：英文联播
Brett Kavanaugh Has GOP Bona Fides， But a Surprising Record
President Trump has nominated Brett Kavanaugh to be the next U.S。 Supreme Court justice。 In a televised announcement on Monday night， he said that Kavanaugh is “a judge’s judge，” with “impeccable credentials， unsurpassed qualifications， and a proven commitment to equal justice under the law。”“What matters is not a judge’s political views，” Trump said， “but whether they can set aside those views and do what the law and Constitution require。”
特朗普总统提名布雷特·卡瓦诺成为美国最高法院大法官。周一晚上的电视声明中，他说卡瓦诺是“法官中的法官”，“资格无可指摘，能力无与伦比，致力于依法主持公正，久经考验”。“重要的不是一名法官的政治观点，”特朗普说，“而是他们是否会摒弃这些观点，做法律和宪法要求的事。”
The president also called for a swift， bipartisan confirmation in the coming weeks， and called the rule of law “the cornerstone of our freedom。”The president isn’t likely to get the speedy process he’s hoping for。 Democratic politicians and liberal advocacy groups are gearing up for a fierce fight， hoping to extend confirmation hearings until the midterm elections or beyond。
总统还呼吁两党在未来几周内给予迅速确认，并称法治是“我们自由的基石”，但总统不可能如愿所偿，民主党政客和自由派倡议组织准备好坚决反对，希望将确认听证会拖到中期选举中或之后。
For decades， Justice Anthony Kennedy was a conservative， swing-voting justice； in his absence， the Court is likely to move decisively right。
几十年来，前任安东尼·肯尼迪都是一个摇摆不定的保守派大法官，没有他，最高法院可能坚定地向右转。
Liberal and conservative groups are both hoping to mobilize their core supporters in the fight for or against Kavanaugh’s nomination。 As they look toward the midterms， these groups have already begun spending lots of money on ad campaigns targeting the moderate senators whose votes will be most crucial in the confirmation process。
自由派和保守派集团都希望动员他们的核心支持者反对或支持提名卡瓦诺。他们一边盯着中期选举，一边已经开始把大把的钱花在广告上，目标是那些对人选确认程序至关重要的温和派参议员。
Ultimately， the stakes of this nomination go well beyond 2018.This Supreme Court appointment could shape the federal judiciary for a generation。 If Kavanaugh is confirmed， he will likely serve as a staunch conservative， originalist voice on the Court for decades to come， establishing a renewed conservative majority that could fundamentally reshape a range of legal areas， especially when it comes to hotly contested social issues like abortion and LGBT rights。
说到底，这一提名的重要性剑指未来。这次任命最高法院大法官将在未来一代人时间内塑造联邦司法。如果卡瓦诺获得确认，他可能是未来几十年中最高法院里一个坚定的保守派和原旨主义者，再次巩固了最高法院的保守派多数，从根本上重塑一系列法律领域，尤其是争议重重的社会问题，如堕胎和性别多样者（LGBT）权利。
Kavanaugh has served on the D.C。 Circuit Court of Appeals for more than a decade， and during that time， he has weighed in on a number of consequential cases。 Last fall， he dissented from a ruling that allowed an undocumented teen to seek an abortion， saying that the majority had “badly erred。”
卡瓦诺在哥伦比亚特区巡回上诉法院任职超过十年，在此期间，他对很多重要案件发表了观点。去年秋天，他不同意一项允许“无身份”少女堕胎的法令，表示多数法官“错得离谱”。
Several years ago， hedissented in another caseinvolving Priests for Life， one of the groups that challenged the birth-control mandate in the Affordable Care Act on religious grounds。
几年前，他对另一起有关“生命牧师”案的裁决表示异议，“生命牧师”组织基于宗教理由起诉了《奥巴马医保》法案中的生育控制令。
AsEdith Roberts writes over at SCOTUSblog，the legal website， his biggest impact has perhaps been in checking administrative power， especially at the Environmental Protection Agency。
艾迪斯·罗伯茨在最高法院官方博客中写道，卡瓦诺的最大影响可能是制衡行政权，尤其是环保局。
In some ways， Kavanaugh would be continuing Kennedy’s legacy on the Court。 He clerked for the justice in the early 1990s， and Kennedy swore Kavanaugh in to his post on the D.C。 Circuit in 2006。
在某些方面，卡瓦诺将在最高法院继承肯尼迪的传统。他曾在九十年代给肯尼迪做幕僚，2006年卡瓦诺到特区巡回法院任职时，肯尼迪宣布其就任。
He’s got a long resume in Republican politics： He worked with the attorney Kenneth Starr on the investigation into the death of Vince Foster， an aide to President Bill Clinton， and on the Starr Report， which laid out the case for Clinton’s impeachment。
他长期涉足共和党政坛：他与检察官肯尼斯·思达一起调查比尔·克林顿助手文斯·福斯特之死，《斯塔报告》引发了对克林顿的弹劾。
He is both a George W。 Bush appointee and a family friend： His wife， Ashley， was the former president’s personal secretary for years。
他还是小布什的幕僚以及家族密友。他的妻子阿什利是前总统多年的私人秘书。
Like Neil Gorsuch， Trump’s last pick for the Supreme Court， Kavanaugh is in his early 50s， meaning he would likely have a long tenure on the Court。 And that is exactly what worries liberal activists。
与特朗普上一次挑选的大法官尼尔·戈萨奇一样，卡瓦诺刚过五十岁，这表明他可能在大法官任上干很长时间，这是自由派活动人士真正担心的。
Almost as soon as Kennedy announced his retirement， political groups turned the fight over his replacement into a fight over abortion。 Although Kennedy was not yet on the Court in 1973 whenRoe v。 Wadeestablished women’s right to an abortion， the justice famously provided the crucial fifth vote in the 1992 casePlanned Parenthood v。 Casey，which reaffirmed the legal framework laid out inRoe。
几乎在肯尼迪刚宣布退休时，政治集团就从争夺他的接任者转向对堕胎权的斗争。尽管1973年“罗伊诉韦德”案时肯尼迪还不是大法官——该案确立了女性的堕胎权，但肯尼迪在1992年“计划生育协会诉凯西”案中投下了决定性的一票，再次确认了“罗伊”案确立的法律框架。
Throughout his tenure， Kennedy largely continued to support fundamental abortion rights—within limits， which made him unpopular among both pro-choice and pro-life activists。
肯尼迪任期内，基本上支持堕胎权，但也有限制，这让他两头不讨好。
Since the beginning of his campaign， Trump has been promising to use judicial appointments to overturnRoe， which would theoretically send the question of abortion access back to state legislatures。
自从参加总统大选以来，特朗普一直承诺通过法官任命来推翻“罗伊”案，理论上将堕胎问题还给州立法机构决定。
Duringa 2016 Fox News interview， the president saidRoewould be overturned “automatically” if he’s able to appoint two or three new justices， “because I am putting pro-life justices on the Court。”
2016年接受福克斯新闻采访中，总统说如果他能任命两到三名新的大法官，罗伊案会被“自动”推翻，“因为我会任命反堕胎的大法官”。
Pro-life activistshave been thrilledby Trump’s support for their cause。 These groups have been intimately involved in crafting the strategy around this nomination—everything from floating potential names to planning a campaign to secure confirmation votes。
特朗普支持他们的事业一直让反堕胎活动人士感到兴奋。这些组织密切参与了拟定提名策略，从推荐名单到策划活动确保提名获得确认。
Meanwhile， pro-choice groups are using Trump’s words to activate the liberal base and put pressure on vulnerable senators。 NARAL Pro-Choice America， a political advocacy group in D.C。， has been targeting Senator Susan Collins， who saidin a recent interviewthat a Supreme Court nominee who would overturnRoe“would not be acceptable。” 。
另一方面，支持堕胎的组织借用特朗普的话来动员自由派阵营，给温和参议员施压。华盛顿的一个支持堕胎的组织主攻苏珊·柯林斯，她最近接受采访时说，要推翻“罗伊”案的最高法院大法官提名人“不可接受”。
Last week， the group ran print and digital ads across Maine， Collins’s home state。 “Trump has been loud and clear in saying he’d pick Supreme Court Justices to endRoe v。 Wade，” they said。 “We believe him。 Don’t you， Senator Collins？”
上周，该组织在柯林斯的老家缅因州发放纸质和数字广告。“特朗普说得很明白，他要挑选能推翻罗伊案判决的大法官”，“我们信了。你不信吗？柯林斯参议员。”
Ahead of Trump’s announcement， Planned Parenthood circulated documents with background information on each of the four possible nominees Trump considered， highlighting ways in which they had ostensibly demonstrated hostility toward legal abortion。
在特朗普声明之前，美计划生育协会对特朗普可能提名的4个人选做了背景资料，突出了他们明显对堕胎权抱有敌意的不同方式。
But abortion is far from the only issue that will likely be shaped by the next Supreme Court justice。 Kennedy may be best remembered for his slow campaign to expand LGBT rights， culminating in the legalization of same-sex marriage inObergefell v。 Hodgesin 2015。
但堕胎远不是下一位最高法院大法官可能塑造的唯一问题。肯尼迪以逐渐支持扩大性别多样者权利著称，2015年在“奥贝尔格费尔诉霍奇斯案”案中，同性恋婚姻被认定合法。
While the Court has laid a clear foundation for certain LGBT rights， many questions—about public accommodations for transgender students， housing and employment discrimination， and more—are still unresolved。
最高法院给性别多样人群的某些权利奠定了基础，但还有许多未解决的问题，包括跨性别学生的公共接纳水平、住房和雇佣歧视等。
A definitively conservative Court has the potential to slow or reverse the last few decades’ steady expansion of LGBT rights， which has often been driven most powerfully by the judiciary。
一个铁定保守的法庭可能会放缓或逆转过去几十年中性别多样者权利的逐步扩张，这些权利主要是司法界推动的。
Similarly， the Court has recently shown particular interest in cases that touch on questions of religious liberty。 A solidly conservative justice would likely share that interest， and could potentially help solidify a consistent majority favoring a broad understanding of the First Amendment。
同样，最高法院最近对涉及宗教自由的案件也特别有兴趣。坚定的保守派法官可能也有兴趣，这可能巩固大多数法官一直以来对宪法第一修正案的宽泛理解。
While these social issues are being closely watched by advocacy groups， many other legal—and political—questions are at stake in this nomination。
不仅倡议团体在密切关注这些社会事务，许多其他法律和政治问题在这次提名中也尤显突出。
For all his conservative bona fides， Kavanaugh is not necessarily a foot soldier of movement conservatism， according to SCOTUSblog， and his long record of opinions and dissents will offer much grist for confirmation hearings。
按最高法院官方博客的说法，尽管是个货真价实的保守派，卡瓦诺不一定是保守主义运动的马前卒，他的履历和不同意见会成为确认听证会上的焦点。
Soon after the Affordable Care Act was passed in 2010， the D.C。 Circuit was asked to weigh in on the law’s individual mandate， which requires Americans to obtain health insurance。 The court upheld the lawinSeven-Sky v。 Holder。
《奥巴马医保》法案2010年通过后不久，特区巡回法院被要求对这项法律的个人义务发表意见，这种义务要求美国人上医疗保险，法院在“七天诉霍尔德”案中支持了这一法律。
While Kavanaugh dissented， he did so in a limited way，writes Jed Shugerman， the Fordham University law professor， on his blog：“Kavanaugh and conservative judges were under enormous political pressure from the right to strike down the ACA，” Shugerman said。 “Kavanaugh did not buckle under that pressure。”
富德海姆大学法学教授杰德·舒格曼在博客中说，尽管卡瓦诺有不同意见，但他表现得很谨慎。“卡瓦诺和保守主义法官受到右翼巨大的政治压力，反对《奥巴马医保》”，“卡瓦诺并未屈服于压力。”
In the end， no legal issue is resolved by simple ideological up or down votes。 Even big questions can result in small decisions： TakeMasterpiece Cakeshop v。 Colorado Civil Rights Commission， the recent Kennedy-authored decision in favor of a baker who had refused to make a cake for a gay couple’s wedding。
最后，简单以意识形态决定支持与否的投票没有解决任何法律问题，甚至大的问题也会以小的决定结束，一个例子是“杰作咖啡馆诉科罗拉多州民权委员会”案，此案中，肯尼迪决定支持一位拒绝给同性恋夫妇婚礼做蛋糕的烘焙师。
The terms of the ruling were quite specific to the facts of the case， skirting past a core tension between religious freedom and LGBT rights。 This kind of ruling can be just as powerful as a broad， sweeping declaration， like the one Kennedy made inObergefell.Kavanaugh’s voice could be just as powerful in setting limits as it would be in sweeping aside past precedents， as pro-life advocates are hoping onRoe。
裁决仅限于此案，这绕过了宗教自由与性别多样者权利的核心冲突。这种裁决可以和更全面的宣言一样强大，后者比方说肯尼迪在奥贝尔格费尔案中做出的决定。相比推翻判例而言——例如反堕胎人士期望他推翻“罗伊”案——卡瓦诺可能会有所权衡和保留，而这两种力量可能同样强大。
During his remarks on Monday， Kavanaugh argued for a Supreme Court that rises above politics。 “I revere the Constitution，” he said。 “I believe that an independent judiciary is the crown jewel of our constitutional republic。”
周一发言时，卡瓦诺表明最高法院要超越政治。“我尊重宪法，”他说。“我相信独立的司法机构是宪政共和国王冠上的宝石。”
When the horse-trading politics of Congress meet the Supreme Court， though， it’s easy for those long-term stakes to get lost。 Kavanaugh’s celebration may not last long。 His path to the Supreme Court is just beginning。
可当美国会的讨价还价政治遭遇最高法院时，议员们很容易将这些长期关切忘却。卡瓦诺还不能高兴得太早，他走进最高法院的路不过刚刚开始。
本文作者系新浪国际旗下“地球日报”自媒体联盟成员，授权稿件，转载需获原作者许可。文章言论不代表新浪观点。
